Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences: Home

Abstract:
In this study, the impact of out-of-pocket expenditure on Nigerian health outcomes was examined using annual time series data covering the period (1990-2015). The data was obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and World Bank Development indicators. Health outcome is proxy by HIV/AIDs prevalence. The study utilized various techniques in order to obtain robust outcome. The Augmented Dickey Fuller test shows that the variables are difference stationary. The Johansen co-integration results show that the variables are co-integrated, hence a long-run relationship exists among them. The estimated Error Correction Model reveals that public health expenditure does not significantly impact on HIV/AID prevalence while the share of out of pocket in health expenditure significantly impact on HIV/AID prevalence. Furthermore, both unemployment and per capita income significantly impact on HIV/AID prevalence. The study therefore recommends that the share of public health expenditure in total health expenditure should be reviewed upward and that alternative source of financing health care outside out of pocket should be initiated.

Keywords: out of pocket, health outcomes, HIV/AIDs prevalence, co-integration and ECM

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